Birds of Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge

Birdwatching and Photography

Caño Negro Birding List: Complete Bird Species Checklist

Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge is one of Costa Rica’s most important wetland destinations for birdwatching. Its lagoons, waterways, seasonally flooded areas, forest, and open habitats support an extraordinary variety of birdlife, including resident species and migratory birds.

Birdwatchers visiting Caño Negro can encounter hundreds of bird species throughout the year, with the exact species and abundance changing with the seasons and water conditions. The refuge offers opportunities to observe waterbirds, wading birds, raptors, kingfishers, toucans, parrots, and many other species within a relatively compact wetland ecosystem.

This Caño Negro Birding List brings together 477 recorded bird species from the area, providing a practical reference for birders planning a visit to the refuge. The checklist includes the English, Spanish, Dutch, French, and scientific names of each species.

Whether you are an experienced birder preparing a specific species list or a traveller discovering birdwatching in Costa Rica for the first time, this resource can help you understand the remarkable diversity of birds found in Caño Negro.

How to Use the Caño Negro Birding List

This checklist is designed as a practical reference for anyone interested in the birds of Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge. With 477 recorded species, it provides a broader picture of the refuge’s birdlife than a short list of the most commonly seen birds.

The species are presented with their Spanish, English, Dutch, French, and scientific names, making the list useful for birdwatchers from different countries and for anyone who wants to identify a species using its scientific name.

The list represents recorded bird species, not a guarantee of sightings. Bird populations, water levels, weather, migration, and seasonal conditions all influence which species may be encountered during a particular visit. Some birds are regularly observed, while others may be seasonal, uncommon, or difficult to find.

Use the checklist to prepare for your visit, identify species you would like to look for, or create your own personal Caño Negro birding checklist. If you are planning a dedicated birdwatching trip, you can also combine it with our guide to the Birding Experience in Caño Negro and our information about the Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge.

⚠️ Important Note About This Bird List

This checklist is compiled from eBird data for the Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge hotspot and represents 477 species recorded from March 30th, 2008, after many years of observation.

Please keep in mind that:

Some species on this list may have been recorded only once or a few times, often many years ago.
A few records may be casual sightings or even misidentifications that have not been fully verified.
Not all 477 species are regularly seen or guaranteed to be present during a visit.
Bird populations, seasonal movements, water levels, and weather conditions all influence which species you may actually encounter.

This list is intended as a reference for planning and education, not as a guarantee of sightings. For the best birding experience, we recommend visiting during the dry season (December to April) and hiring a local guide who knows the refuge well.

eBird Field Checklist, Refugio mixto Caño Negro, Alajuela, CR ebird.org/hotspot/L691866

Tinamous (Tinamidae)

Tinamous are ground-dwelling birds associated with forests and dense vegetation. They are generally secretive and are more often heard than seen, making them an interesting group for experienced birdwatchers exploring the habitats around Caño Negro.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Crypturellus soui	Little Tinamou	Zwergtinamu	Tinamou soui	Kleine Tinamoe
Tinamus major	Great Tinamou	Großer Tinamu	Grand Tinamou	Grote Tinamoe

Waterfowl (Anatidae)

Waterfowl are well represented in Caño Negro, with species that range from common residents like the Black-bellied Whistling-Duck to migratory ducks such as the Blue-winged Teal and Northern Pintail. These birds are often seen in the lagoons, canals, and flooded areas of the refuge, especially during the dry season when water levels recede and they concentrate in remaining pools.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Anas acuta	Northern Pintail	Spießente	Canard pilet	Pijlstaart
Anas crecca	Green-winged Teal	Krickente	Sarcelle d'hiver	Wintertaling
Aythya affinis	Lesser Scaup	Kleine Bergente	Petit Fuligule	Kleine Topper
Aythya collaris	Ring-necked Duck	Ringschnabelente	Fuligule à collier	Ringsnaveleend
Cairina moschata	Muscovy Duck	Moschusente	Canard musqué	Muskuseend
Dendrocygna autumnalis	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Herbstpfeifgans	Dendrocygne à ventre noir	Zwartbuikfluiteend
Dendrocygna bicolor	Fulvous Whistling-Duck	Gelbbrust-Pfeifgans	Dendrocygne fauve	Rosse Fluiteend
Mareca americana	American Wigeon	Amerikanische Pfeifente	Canard d'Amérique	Amerikaanse Smient
Nomonyx dominicus	Masked Duck	Maskenente	Érismature routoutou	Maskereend
Spatula clypeata	Northern Shoveler	Löffelente	Canard souchet	Slobeend
Spatula discors	Blue-winged Teal	Blauflügelente	Sarcelle à ailes bleues	Blauwvleugeltaling

Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns (Ardeidae)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns are among the most conspicuous birds in Caño Negro. These wading birds are found throughout the wetland, from the open lagoons to the dense marshes. Species like the Great Egret, Green Heron, and Bare-throated Tiger-Heron are commonly seen, while the elusive Agami Heron and Pinnated Bittern are highly sought-after targets for birdwatchers. The refuge provides excellent habitat for both resident and migratory herons throughout the year.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Agamia agami	Agami Heron	Agamireiher	Héron agami	Agamireiger
Tigrisoma mexicanum	Bare-throated Tiger-Heron	Nacktkehlreiher	Onoré du Mexique	Mexicaanse Tijgerroerdomp
Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned Night Heron	Nachtreiher	Bihoreau gris	Kwak
Cochlearius cochlearius	Boat-billed Heron	Kahnschnabel	Savacou huppé	Schuitbekreiger
Ardea ibis	Cattle Egret	Kuhreiher	Héron garde-bœufs	Koereiger
Ardea alba	Great Egret	Silberreiher	Grande Aigrette	Grote Zilverreiger
Ardea herodias	Great Blue Heron	Kanadareiher	Grand Héron	Amerikaanse Blauwe Reiger
Butorides virescens	Green Heron	Grünreiher	Héron vert	Groene Reiger
Botaurus exilis	Least Bittern	Amerikanische Zwergdommel	Petit Blongios	Amerikaanse Kleine Roerdomp
Egretta caerulea	Little Blue Heron	Blaureiher	Aigrette bleue	Kleine Blauwe Reiger
Botaurus pinnatus	Pinnated Bittern	Südamerikanische Rohrdommel	Butor brun	Zuid-Amerikaanse Roerdomp
Egretta rufescens	Reddish Egret	Rötelreiher	Aigrette rousse	Roodbuikreiger
Tigrisoma lineatum	Rufescent Tiger-Heron	Zick-Zack-Reiher	Onoré rayé	Zebra-tijgerroerdomp
Egretta thula	Snowy Egret	Schmuckreiher	Aigrette neigeuse	Amerikaanse Kleine Zilverreiger
Butorides striata	Striated Heron	Mangrovereiher	Héron strié	Mangrovereiger
Egretta tricolor	Tricolored Heron	Dreifarbenreiher	Aigrette tricolore	Witbuikreiger
Nyctanassa violacea	Yellow-crowned Night Heron	Krabbenreiher	Bihoreau violacé	Geelkruinkwak

Chachalacas, Guans, and Curassows (Cracidae)

Chachalacas, guans, and curassows are large, chicken-like birds that inhabit forests and woodland edges. In Caño Negro, the Gray-headed Chachalaca is commonly heard at dawn and dusk, while the Crested Guan and Great Curassow are more secretive and found in forested areas. These birds are important seed dispersers and are often seen moving through the trees in small groups.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Penelope purpurascens	Crested Guan	Purpurhokko	Pénélope panachée	Purperhokko
Ortalis cinereiceps	Gray-headed Chachalaca	Graukopftschakalaka	Chachalaca à tête grise	Grijskopchachalaca
Crax rubra	Great Curassow	Großer Hokko	Grand Hocco	Grote Hokko

Pigeons and Doves (Columbidae)

Pigeons and doves are a diverse group in Caño Negro, ranging from the ubiquitous Rock Pigeon to the striking Ruddy Ground Dove and the endemic Nicaraguan Grackle, which is a near-endemic species of the region. These birds are found in a variety of habitats, from open areas to forest edges, and many are common throughout the year.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Patagioenas fasciata	Band-tailed Pigeon	Bandtaube	Pigeon à queue barrée	Bandstaartduif
Claravis pretiosa	Blue Ground Dove	Blaue Boden-Täubchen	Colombe bleue	Blauwe Grondduif
Columbina passerina	Common Ground Dove	Sperlingstäubchen	Colombe à queue noire	Musduif
Leptotila cassinii	Gray-chested Dove	Graubrusttaube	Colombe de Cassin	Grijskapduif
Leptotila plumbeiceps	Gray-headed Dove	Graukopftaube	Colombe à tête grise	Grijskopduif
Columbina inca	Inca Dove	Inkatäubchen	Colombe inca	Inkatortel
Zenaida macroura	Mourning Dove	Carolinataube	Tourterelle triste	Treurtortel
Patagioenas cayennensis	Pale-vented Pigeon	Cayennetaube	Pigeon rousset	Rosse Duif
Columbina minuta	Plain-breasted Ground Dove	Zwergtäubchen	Colombe naine	Dwergduif
Patagioenas flavirostris	Red-billed Pigeon	Rotschnabeltaube	Pigeon à bec rouge	Roodsnavelduif
Columba livia	Rock Pigeon	Felsentaube	Pigeon biset	Rotsduif
Columbina talpacoti	Ruddy Ground Dove	Rosttäubchen	Colombe rousse	Roodborstduif
Geotrygon montana	Ruddy Quail-Dove	Rote Erdtaube	Colombe rouviolette	Rode Kwartelduif
Patagioenas speciosa	Scaled Pigeon	Schuppentaube	Pigeon ramier	Schubduif
Patagioenas nigrirostris	Short-billed Pigeon	Kurzschnabeltaube	Pigeon à bec noir	Kortsnavelduif
Leptotila verreauxi	White-tipped Dove	Blauringtaube	Colombe de Verreaux	Witvlekduif
Zenaida asiatica	White-winged Dove	Weißflügeltaube	Tourterelle à ailes blanches	Witvleugeltortel

Cuckoos (Cuculidae)

Cuckoos are a varied family of birds found in a wide range of habitats, from forests to open woodlands and wetlands. In Caño Negro, species like the Groove-billed Ani and the Squirrel Cuckoo are easily observed, while other cuckoos such as the Yellow-billed Cuckoo are migratory and less frequently encountered. Some members of this family are known for their distinctive calls and secretive habits.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Piaya cayana	Common Squirrel-Cuckoo	Eichhörnchenkuckuck	Piaye écureuil	Eekhoornkoekoek
Crotophaga major	Greater Ani	Großer Ani	Ani des palétuviers	Grote Ani
Crotophaga sulcirostris	Groove-billed Ani	Riefenschnabelani	Ani à bec cannelé	Groefsnavelani
Morococcyx erythropygus	Lesser Ground-Cuckoo	Kleiner Grundkuckuck	Géocoucou de Lesson	Kleine Grondkoekoek
Coccyzus minor	Mangrove Cuckoo	Mangrovenkuckuck	Coulicou manioc	Mangrove-koekoek
Tapera naevia	Striped Cuckoo	Gestreifter Kuckuck	Géocoucou tacheté	Gestreepte Koekoek
Coccyzus americanus	Yellow-billed Cuckoo	Gelbschnabelkuckuck	Coulicou à bec jaune	Geelsnavelkoekoek

Nightjars (Caprimulgidae)

Nightjars are crepuscular and nocturnal birds known for their cryptic plumage and distinctive calls. In Caño Negro, species like the Common Pauraque are frequently heard at dusk and dawn, while others such as the Lesser Nighthawk can be seen flying over open areas. These birds are most active during twilight hours when they hunt for insects in flight.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Antrostomus carolinensis	Chuck-will's-widow	Carolinachuck-will's-widow	Engoulevent de Caroline	Carolinachuck-will's-widow
Chordeiles minor	Common Nighthawk	Falkennachtschwalbe	Engoulevent d'Amérique	Amerikaanse Nachtzwaluw
Nyctidromus albicollis	Common Pauraque	Blassbauch-Nachtschwalbe	Engoulevent pauraqué	Pauraque
Chordeiles acutipennis	Lesser Nighthawk	Texasnachtschwalbe	Engoulevent à ailes luisantes	Texasnachtzwaluw
Lurocalis semitorquatus	Short-tailed Nighthawk	Kurzschwanz-Nachtschwalbe	Engoulevent à queue courte	Kortstaartnachtzwaluw

Potoos (Nyctibiidae)

Potoos are nocturnal birds related to nightjars, but with a more upright posture and a distinctive, camouflaged appearance that allows them to blend seamlessly with tree branches. In Caño Negro, the Common Potoo is frequently heard after dark, while the larger Great Potoo is also present. These birds are masters of camouflage and are more often detected by their haunting calls than by sight.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Nyctibius griseus	Common Potoo	Urutau	Ibijau commun	Gewone Potoo
Nyctibius grandis	Great Potoo	Großer Tagschläfer	Grand Ibijau	Grote Potoo
Nyctibius jamaicensis	Northern Potoo	Jamaika-Tagschläfer	Ibijau de Jamaïque	Jamaicapotoo

Swifts (Apodidae)

Swifts are aerial specialists that spend most of their lives in flight. In Caño Negro, several species can be seen soaring over the wetland and forest, often in mixed flocks. They are most active during the morning and late afternoon, feeding on insects caught in flight.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Streptoprocne rutila	Chestnut-collared Swift	Rotkopfsegler	Martinet à collier roux	Roodkraaggierzwaluw
Chaetura pelagica	Chimney Swift	Schornsteinsegler	Martinet ramoneur	Schoorsteengierzwaluw
Chaetura cinereiventris	Gray-rumped Swift	Graubürzelsegler	Martinet à croupion gris	Grijsstuitgierzwaluw
Panyptila cayennensis	Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift	Kleine Schwalbensegler	Martinet de Cayenne	Kleine Zwaluwstaartgierzwaluw
Cypseloides cherriei	Spot-fronted Swift	Stirnflecksegler	Martinet de Cherrie	Vlekvoorhoofdgierzwaluw
Chaetura vauxi	Vaux's Swift	Vauxsegler	Martinet de Vaux	Vaux' Gierzwaluw
Cypseloides cryptus	White-chinned Swift	Weißkinnsegler	Martinet à menton blanc	Witkingierzwaluw
Streptoprocne zonaris	White-collared Swift	Halsbandsegler	Martinet à collier blanc	Witkraaggierzwaluw

Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)

Hummingbirds are among the most colorful and fascinating birds in Caño Negro. These tiny, energetic birds are often seen visiting flowers in the forest edges and gardens. With their iridescent plumage and remarkable flying abilities, they are a favorite among birdwatchers and photographers alike.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Threnetes ruckeri	Band-tailed Barbthroat	Bandschwanz-Schattenkolibri	Ermite de Rucker	Bandstaartheremietkolibrie
Lophornis helenae	Black-crested Coquette	Schwarzhaubenelfe	Coquette à crête noire	Zwartkuifkoketkolibrie
Polyerata amabilis	Blue-chested Hummingbird	Blausternamazilie	Ariane à poitrine bleue	Blauwborstamazilia
Chlorestes eliciae	Blue-throated Goldentail	Blaukehl-Glanzschwanz	Colibri d'Élicia	Blauwkeelgoudstaart
Saucerottia hoffmanni	Blue-vented Hummingbird	Hoffmanns Amazilie	Ariane de Hoffmann	Hoffmanns Amazilia
Glaucis aeneus	Bronzy Hermit	Bronzekolibri	Ermite d'Aeneus	Bronsheremietkolibrie
Chalybura urochrysia	Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer	Bronzeschwanzkolibri	Colibri à queue bronzée	Bronsstaartpluimdrager
Amazilia rutila	Cinnamon Hummingbird	Zimtamazilie	Ariane cannelle	Kaneelamazilia
Thalurania colombica	Crowned Woodnymph	Kronenfee	Dryade à couronne violette	Gekroonde Bosnimf
Anthracothorax prevostii	Green-breasted Mango	Grünbrust-Mangokolibri	Mango à poitrine verte	Groenborstmango
Heliomaster longirostris	Long-billed Starthroat	Langschnabel-Sternkolibri	Colibri à long bec	Langsnavelsterkeel
Phaethornis longirostris	Long-billed Hermit	Langschnabel-Schattenkolibri	Ermite à long bec	Langsnavelheremietkolibrie
Heliomaster constantii	Plain-capped Starthroat	Graukappen-Sternkolibri	Colibri à calotte grise	Grijskopsterkeel
Heliothryx barroti	Purple-crowned Fairy	Purpurhäubchenelfe	Colibri de Barrot	Purperkapfee
Archilochus colubris	Ruby-throated Hummingbird	Rubinkehlkolibri	Colibri à gorge rubis	Robijnkeelkolibrie
Amazilia tzacatl	Rufous-tailed Hummingbird	Rotbauchamazilie	Ariane à ventre roux	Roodstaartamazilia
Phaeochroa cuvierii	Scaly-breasted Hummingbird	Schuppenbrustkolibri	Colibri de Cuvier	Schubborstkolibrie
Phaethornis striigularis	Stripe-throated Hermit	Streifenkehl-Schattenkolibri	Ermite à gorge striée	Streepkeelheremietkolibrie
Klais guimeti	Violet-headed Hummingbird	Veilchenkopfkolibri	Colibri à tête violette	Violetkopkolibrie
Chlorestes candida	White-bellied Emerald	Weißbauch-Smaragdkolibri	Émeraude candide	Witbuiksmaragdkolibrie
Florisuga mellivora	White-necked Jacobin	Weißnackenkolibri	Colibri jacobin	Witnekjacobijn

Rails, Gallinules, and Allies (Rallidae)

Rails, gallinules, and coots are a diverse group of wetland birds found throughout Caño Negro. Many are secretive and prefer dense marsh vegetation, while others like the Common Gallinule and Purple Gallinule are more visible and often seen foraging in open water. The Sungrebe, though not a true rail, is also included here due to its similar habitat preferences.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Fulica americana	American Coot	Amerikanisches Blässhuhn	Foulque d'Amérique	Amerikaanse Meerkoet
Gallinula galeata	Common Gallinule	Zwergteichhuhn	Gallinule d'Amérique	Amerikaans Waterhoen
Laterallus exilis	Gray-breasted Crake	Graubrust-Sumpfhuhn	Râle à poitrine grise	Grijsborstral
Porphyrio martinica	Purple Gallinule	Zwergsultanshuhn	Talève violacée	Amerikaans Purperhoen
Aramides albiventris	Russet-naped Wood-Rail	Rotnacken-Waldralle	Râle à nuque rousse	Roodnekbosral
Porzana carolina	Sora	Carolinasumpfhuhn	Marouette de Caroline	Sora
Pardirallus maculatus	Spotted Rail	Tüpfelralle	Râle tacheté	Gevlekte Ral
Amaurolimnas concolor	Uniform Crake	Einfarbralle	Râle concolore	Effen Ral
Laterallus albigularis	White-throated Crake	Weißkehl-Sumpfhuhn	Râle à gorge blanche	Witkeelral
Laterallus flaviventer	Yellow-breasted Crake	Gelbbrust-Sumpfhuhn	Râle à poitrine jaune	Geelborstral

Finfoots (Heliornithidae)

The Sungrebe is the only member of the finfoot family found in the Americas. In Caño Negro, this unique and secretive bird is most often seen swimming in still waters and along the edges of lagoons and canals. It is more often heard than seen and is a special find for any birder visiting the refuge.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Heliornis fulica	Sungrebe	Binsenralle	Grébifoulque d'Amérique	Kleine Fuutkoet

Limpkin (Aramidae)

The Limpkin is a distinctive wading bird that feeds almost exclusively on apple snails, making it a common sight in Caño Negro's wetlands. Its long, curved bill and loud, piercing calls make it easily recognizable. These birds are often seen foraging along the edges of lagoons and canals throughout the refuge.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Aramus guarauna	Limpkin	Rallenkranich	Aramus	Koerlan

Thick-knees (Burhinidae)

The Double-striped Thick-knee is the only species of this family found in Caño Negro. These nocturnal shorebirds are more often heard than seen, with their distinctive calls echoing across open areas at dusk and during the night. They prefer dry, open habitats near the wetland and are occasionally observed during the day when resting.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Hesperoburhinus bistriatus	Double-striped Thick-knee	Doppelbinden-Triele	Oedicnème bistrié	Dubbelebandgriel

Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae)

The Black-necked Stilt is the only representative of this family regularly found in Caño Negro. These elegant waders are easily recognized by their extremely long pink legs and striking black-and-white plumage. They are commonly seen foraging in shallow water, often in small groups, and can be observed throughout the year.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Himantopus mexicanus	Black-necked Stilt	Schwarznacken-Stelzenläufer	Échasse d'Amérique	Amerikaanse Steltkluut

Plovers and Lapwings (Charadriidae)

Plovers and lapwings are shorebirds found in open areas, mudflats, and along the shores of lagoons and rivers. In Caño Negro, the Southern Lapwing is a common and conspicuous resident, while several migratory plovers visit during the winter months. The Killdeer, with its distinctive kill-dee call, is also frequently encountered in open habitats near water.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Pluvialis dominica	American Golden-Plover	Amerikanischer Goldregenpfeifer	Pluvier dominicain	Amerikaanse Goudplevier
Pluvialis squatarola	Black-bellied Plover	Kiebitzregenpfeifer	Pluvier argenté	Zilverplevier
Anarhynchus collaris	Collared Plover	Collarplover	Pluvier à collier	Halsbandplevier
Charadrius vociferus	Killdeer	Keilschwanz-Regenpfeifer	Pluvier kildir	Killdeerplevier
Charadrius semipalmatus	Semipalmated Plover	Halbringregenpfeifer	Pluvier semipalmé	Amerikaanse Bontbekplevier
Vanellus chilensis	Southern Lapwing	Bronzekiebitz	Vanneau téro	Chileense Kievit
Anarhynchus wilsonia	Wilson's Plover	Wilson-Regenpfeifer	Pluvier de Wilson	Wilsons Plevier

Jacanas (Jacanidae)

The Northern Jacana is the only member of this family found in Caño Negro. These distinctive birds are easily recognized by their long toes, which allow them to walk on floating vegetation, and their striking chestnut-and-black plumage. They are commonly seen in marshes and lagoons, often calling loudly and displaying territorial behavior.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Jacana spinosa	Northern Jacana	Gelbstirn-Blatthühnchen	Jacana du Nord	Noordelijke Jacana

Sandpipers, Snipes, and Allies (Scolopacidae)

Sandpipers, snipes, and their allies are a diverse group of shorebirds that inhabit mudflats, shallow water, and marshy areas. In Caño Negro, this family includes both resident species and migratory visitors from North America, making them an important component of the wetland bird community.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Calidris bairdii	Baird's Sandpiper	Bairdstrandläufer	Bécasseau de Baird	Bairds Strandloper
Tringa melanoleuca	Greater Yellowlegs	Großer Gelbschenkel	Grand Chevalier à pattes jaunes	Grote Geelpootruiter
Numenius hudsonicus	Hudsonian Whimbrel	Hudsonschnepfe	Courlis hudsonien	Amerikaanse Regenwulp
Calidris minutilla	Least Sandpiper	Wiesenstrandläufer	Bécasseau minuscule	Kleine Strandloper
Tringa flavipes	Lesser Yellowlegs	Kleiner Gelbschenkel	Petit Chevalier à pattes jaunes	Kleine Geelpootruiter
Limnodromus scolopaceus	Long-billed Dowitcher	Große Schlammschnepfe	Bécassin à long bec	Grote Slakruiter
Calidris melanotos	Pectoral Sandpiper	Grasläufer	Bécasseau à poitrine cendrée	Gestreepte Strandloper
Arenaria interpres	Ruddy Turnstone	Steinwälzer	Tournepierre à collier	Steenloper
Calidris alba	Sanderling	Sanderling	Bécasseau sanderling	Drieteenstrandloper
Calidris pusilla	Semipalmated Sandpiper	Sandstrandläufer	Bécasseau semipalmé	Grijze Strandloper
Limnodromus griseus	Short-billed Dowitcher	Kleine Schlammschnepfe	Bécassin à bec court	Kleine Slakruiter
Tringa solitaria	Solitary Sandpiper	Einsamer Wasserläufer	Chevalier solitaire	Amerikaanse Bosruiter
Actitis macularius	Spotted Sandpiper	Fleckenwasserläufer	Chevalier grivelé	Amerikaanse Oeverloper
Calidris himantopus	Stilt Sandpiper	Bindenstrandläufer	Bécasseau à échasses	Steltstrandloper
Calidris mauri	Western Sandpiper	Bergstrandläufer	Bécasseau d'Alaska	Westelijke Strandloper
Calidris fuscicollis	White-rumped Sandpiper	Weißbürzel-Strandläufer	Bécasseau à croupion blanc	Witrugstrandloper
Tringa semipalmata	Willet	Schlammtreter	Chevalier semipalmé	Willet
Gallinago delicata	Wilson's Snipe	Wilsonbekassine	Bécassine de Wilson	Wilsons Snip
Phalaropus tricolor	Wilson's Phalarope	Wilsonwassertreter	Phalarope de Wilson	Wilsons Franjepoot

Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers (Laridae)

Gulls, terns, and skimmers are a diverse family of waterbirds commonly found along coastlines, rivers, and wetlands. In Caño Negro, several species of terns are regularly observed, with the Black Skimmer being one of the most distinctive and sought-after birds in the area.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Chlidonias niger	Black Tern	Trauerseeschwalbe	Guifette noire	Zwarte Stern
Rynchops niger	Black Skimmer	Amerikanischer Scherenschnabel	Bec-en-ciseaux noir	Amerikaanse Schaarbek
Hydroprogne caspia	Caspian Tern	Raubseeschwalbe	Sterne caspienne	Reuzenstern
Sterna hirundo	Common Tern	Flussseeschwalbe	Sterne pierregarin	Visdief
Gelochelidon nilotica	Gull-billed Tern	Lachseeschwalbe	Sterne hansel	Lachstern
Leucophaeus atricilla	Laughing Gull	Lachmöwe	Mouette atricille	Lachmeeuw
Thalasseus maximus	Royal Tern	Königsseeschwalbe	Sterne royale	Koningsstern
Thalasseus sandvicensis	Sandwich Tern	Brandseeschwalbe	Sterne caugek	Grote Stern
Sternula superciliaris	Yellow-billed Tern	Amazonasseeschwalbe	Sterne à bec jaune	Geelsnavelstern

Grebes (Podicipedidae)

Grebes are small to medium-sized diving birds found in freshwater lakes and lagoons. In Caño Negro, the Pied-billed Grebe is the most commonly observed species, often seen diving for fish and aquatic invertebrates. The Least Grebe is also occasionally present. These birds are excellent swimmers and are often heard before they are seen.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Tachybaptus dominicus	Least Grebe	Kleinsttaucher	Grèbe minime	Amerikaanse Dodaars
Podilymbus podiceps	Pied-billed Grebe	Bindentaucher	Grèbe à bec bigarré	Dikbekfuut

Sunbittern (Eurypygidae)

The Sunbittern is a unique and beautiful bird found along forested streams and rivers in Caño Negro. Despite its name, it is not closely related to bitterns but belongs to its own family. It is easily recognized by its intricate wing pattern and its habit of slowly walking along the water's edge. This species is a special sighting for birders exploring the refuge's waterways.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Eurypyga helias	Sunbittern	Sonnenralle	Caurale soleil	Zonneral

Storks (Ciconiidae)

Storks are large, long-legged wading birds with a distinctive appearance. In Caño Negro, the Jabiru is a flagship species of the wetland and one of the largest flying birds in the Americas. The Wood Stork is also present and often seen foraging in shallow waters. Both species are important indicators of healthy wetland ecosystems.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Jabiru mycteria	Jabiru	Jabiru	Jabiru d'Amérique	Jabiroe
Mycteria americana	Wood Stork	Waldstorch	Tantale d'Amérique	Kaalkopooievaar

Frigatebirds (Fregatidae)

Frigatebirds are large seabirds known for their aerial prowess and distinctive silhouettes. In Caño Negro, the Magnificent Frigatebird is occasionally seen soaring over the wetland, often in search of food or riding thermals. These birds are more commonly found along the coast, but they can wander inland, making them a noteworthy sighting in the refuge.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Fregata magnificens	Magnificent Frigatebird	Prachtfregattvogel	Frégate superbe	Amerikaanse Fregatvogel

Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae)

Cormorants are medium to large waterbirds that dive for fish and other aquatic prey. In Caño Negro, the Neotropic Cormorant is the only member of this family regularly recorded. It is often seen swimming low in the water, diving, or perched with its wings spread open to dry after fishing.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Nannopterum brasilianum	Neotropic Cormorant	Olivenscharbe	Cormoran vigua	Bigua-aalscholver

Ibises and Spoonbills (Threskiornithidae)

Ibises and spoonbills are wading birds with long, curved bills adapted for foraging in shallow water and mud. In Caño Negro, the Green Ibis and White Ibis are common residents, while the Roseate Spoonbill is one of the most colourful and sought-after birds in the refuge. The Glossy Ibis is also present, particularly during migration. These birds are often seen foraging in mixed flocks in the wetland.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Plegadis falcinellus	Glossy Ibis	Braunsichler	Ibis falcinelle	Zwarte Ibis
Mesembrinibis cayennensis	Green Ibis	Grünibis	Ibis vert	Groene Ibis
Platalea ajaja	Roseate Spoonbill	Rosalöffler	Spatule rosée	Rode Lepelaar
Eudocimus albus	White Ibis	Schneesichler	Ibis blanc	Witte Ibis

Pelicans (Pelecanidae)

Pelicans are large waterbirds known for their distinctive throat pouches and impressive wingspans. In Caño Negro, the Brown Pelican is occasionally recorded, typically as a vagrant wandering inland from coastal areas. Although not a regular resident, its presence is always noteworthy for birdwatchers visiting the refuge.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos	American White Pelican	Nashornpelikan	Pélican d'Amérique	Witte Pelikaan
Pelecanus occidentalis	Brown Pelican	Braunpelikan	Pélican brun	Bruine Pelikaan

New World Vultures (Cathartidae)

New World vultures are scavengers that play an important ecological role in the wetland ecosystem. In Caño Negro, the Black Vulture and Turkey Vulture are common and easily observed soaring overhead, while the King Vulture is a more uncommon sighting. The Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture is also present, often associated with water and wetland areas.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Coragyps atratus	Black Vulture	Rabengeier	Vautour urubu	Zwarte Gier
Sarcoramphus papa	King Vulture	Königgeier	Sarcoramphe roi	Koningsgier
Cathartes burrovianus	Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Gelbkopfgeier	Urubu à tête jaune	Kleine Geelkopgier
Cathartes aura	Turkey Vulture	Truthahngeier	Urubu à tête rouge	Roodkopgier

Osprey (Pandionidae)

The Osprey is a large, fish-eating raptor with a global distribution. In Caño Negro, it is commonly seen during the migratory season, often perched on tall trees or poles near the water or diving into lagoons and rivers to catch fish. Its distinctive white underparts, dark eye stripe, and angled wings make it easy to identify.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Pandion haliaetus	Osprey	Fischadler	Balbuzard pêcheur	Visarend

Hawks, Eagles, and Kites (Accipitridae)

Accipitridae is a large family of diurnal raptors that includes hawks, eagles, and kites. In Caño Negro, this family is well represented with species ranging from the small Sharp-shinned Hawk to the majestic Great Black Hawk. Many of these raptors are resident, while others like the Swainson's Hawk migrate through the area in large numbers. They are often seen soaring over the wetland or perched on trees along the rivers and lagoons, hunting for fish, small mammals, and other birds.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Astur bicolor	Bicolored Hawk	Zweifarbenhabicht	Épervier bicolore	Tweekleurige Havik
Busarellus nigricollis	Black-collared Hawk	Fischbussard	Buse à tête blanche	Moerasbuizerd
Spizaetus tyrannus	Black Hawk-Eagle	Tyrannenadler	Aigle tyran	Zwarte Havikarend
Buteo platypterus	Broad-winged Hawk	Breitflügelbussard	Petite Buse	Breedvleugelbuizerd
Buteogallus anthracinus	Common Black Hawk	Krabbenbussard	Buse noire	Zwarte Buizerd
Geranospiza caerulescens	Crane Hawk	Sperberweihe	Busard bleuâtre	Kraanvogelwouw
Harpagus bidentatus	Double-toothed Kite	Doppelzahnweih	Milan bidenté	Tweevlekwouw
Buteo plagiatus	Gray Hawk	Graubussard	Buse grise	Grijze Buizerd
Leptodon cayanensis	Gray-headed Kite	Cayenneweih	Bec-en-croc de Cayenne	Grijskopwouw
Buteogallus urubitinga	Great Black Hawk	Urubitinga	Buse urubitinga	Zwarte Arendbuizerd
Parabuteo unicinctus	Harris's Hawk	Wüstenbussard	Buse de Harris	Harrisbuizerd
Chondrohierax uncinatus	Hook-billed Kite	Hakenweih	Milan à bec crochu	Haaksnavelwouw
Ictinia mississippiensis	Mississippi Kite	Mississippiweih	Milan du Mississippi	Mississippi-wouw
Circus hudsonius	Northern Harrier	Kornweihe	Busard des marais	Blauwe Kiekendief
Ictinia plumbea	Plumbeous Kite	Bleiweih	Milan bleuâtre	Grijze Wouw
Rupornis magnirostris	Roadside Hawk	Wegebussard	Buse à gros bec	Wegbuizerd
Leucopternis semiplumbeus	Semiplumbeous Hawk	Bleibussard	Buse semiplombée	Grijze Buizerd
Accipiter striatus	Sharp-shinned Hawk	Eckschwanzsperber	Épervier brun	Amerikaanse Sperwer
Buteo brachyurus	Short-tailed Hawk	Kurzschwanzbussard	Buse à queue courte	Kortstaartbuizerd
Rostrhamus sociabilis	Snail Kite	Schneckenmilan	Milan des marais	Slakkenwouw
Buteo swainsoni	Swainson's Hawk	Präriebussard	Buse de Swainson	Swainsons Buizerd
Elanoides forficatus	Swallow-tailed Kite	Schwalbenweih	Milan à queue fourchue	Zwaluwstaartwouw
Microspizias superciliosus	Tiny Hawk	Zwergsperber	Épervier nain	Dwergsperwer
Pseudastur albicollis	White Hawk	Weißbussard	Buse blanche	Witte Buizerd
Elanus leucurus	White-tailed Kite	Weißschwanz-Weihe	Élanion à queue blanche	Witstaartwouw
Geranoaetus albicaudatus	White-tailed Hawk	Weißschwanzbussard	Buse à queue blanche	Witstaartbuizerd
Buteo albonotatus	Zone-tailed Hawk	Zonenbussard	Buse à queue barrée	Zwarte Buizerd

Barn Owls (Tytonidae)

The American Barn Owl is the only member of this family regularly recorded in Caño Negro. These nocturnal birds are often seen hunting over open fields and wetland edges at dusk and during the night. Their distinctive heart-shaped facial disc and silent flight make them unmistakable. They nest in tree cavities, abandoned buildings, and nest boxes.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Tyto furcata	American Barn Owl	Amerikanische Schleiereule	Effraie d'Amérique	Amerikaanse Kerkuil

True Owls (Strigidae)

True owls are nocturnal birds of prey that are active at night and during twilight hours. In Caño Negro, several species can be found, including the Pacific Screech-Owl and the Spectacled Owl. These birds are more often heard than seen, with their distinctive calls echoing through the forest at night.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Strix nigrolineata	Black-and-white Owl	Schwarzweißkauz	Chouette noir et blanc	Zwart-witte Bosuil
Glaucidium griseiceps	Central American Pygmy-Owl	Graukopf-Zwergkauz	Chevêchette à tête grise	Grijskopdwerguil
Lophostrix cristata	Crested Owl	Haubenkauz	Duc à aigrettes	Kuifuil
Glaucidium brasilianum	Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Brasil-Zwergkauz	Chevêchette brune	Braziliaanse Dwerguil
Megascops guatemalae	Middle American Screech-Owl	Guatemala-Kreischeule	Petit-duc du Guatemala	Guatemalaschreeuwuil
Strix virgata	Mottled Owl	Fleckenkauz	Chouette mouchetée	Gevlekte Bosuil
Megascops cooperi	Pacific Screech-Owl	Cooper-Kreischeule	Petit-duc de Cooper	Coopers Schreeuwuil
Pulsatrix perspicillata	Spectacled Owl	Brillenkauz	Chouette à lunettes	Briluil
Asio clamator	Striped Owl	Streifenohreule	Hibou criard	Gestreepte Ransuil
Megascops choliba	Tropical Screech-Owl	Choliba-Kreischeule	Petit-duc choliba	Choliba-schreeuwuil

Trogons (Trogonidae)

Trogons are colorful, forest-dwelling birds known for their soft, often iridescent plumage and distinctive calls. In Caño Negro, four species have been recorded. The Slaty-tailed Trogon is the most commonly encountered, while the Black-headed Trogon and Gartered Trogon are also present in the refuge's forested areas.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Trogon melanocephalus	Black-headed Trogon	Schwarzkopftrogon	Trogon à tête noire	Zwartkoptrogon
Trogon caligatus	Gartered Trogon	Caligatus-Trogon	Trogon violacé	Grijze Trogon
Trogon tenellus	Graceful Black-throated Trogon	Anmutiger Trogon	Trogon gracieux	Sierlijke Trogon
Trogon massena	Slaty-tailed Trogon	Massenatrogon	Trogon de Masséna	Massena's Trogon

Motmots (Momotidae)

Motmots are colorful, medium-sized birds found in forested areas and woodland edges. In Caño Negro, three species have been recorded. These birds are easily recognized by their long, racquet-tipped tails and their habit of perching quietly while watching for prey. They are often heard before they are seen.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Electron platyrhynchum	Broad-billed Motmot	Breitschnabelmotmot	Motmot à bec large	Breedsnavelmotmot
Momotus lessonii	Lesson's Motmot	Lessonmotmot	Motmot de Lesson	Lessons Motmot
Baryphthengus martii	Rufous Motmot	Rotbauchmotmot	Motmot roux	Rode Motmot

Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)

Kingfishers are a conspicuous presence in Caño Negro. Six species have been recorded in the refuge, ranging from the large Ringed Kingfisher to the tiny American Pygmy Kingfisher. These birds are easily spotted along the rivers, lagoons, and canals, where they perch on branches or wires before diving for fish. The Green-and-rufous Kingfisher is the rarest and most difficult of the group to see, making it a target for dedicated birders.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Chloroceryle amazona	Amazon Kingfisher	Amazonasfischer	Martin-pêcheur d'Amazonie	Amazoneijsvogel
Chloroceryle aenea	American Pygmy Kingfisher	Erzfischer	Martin-pêcheur nain	Groene Dwergijsvogel
Megaceryle alcyon	Belted Kingfisher	Gürtelfischer	Martin-pêcheur d'Amérique	Bandijsvogel
Chloroceryle americana	Green Kingfisher	Grünfischer	Martin-pêcheur vert	Groene IJsvogel
Chloroceryle inda	Green-and-rufous Kingfisher	Zweifarbenfischer	Martin-pêcheur bicolore	Groen-bruine IJsvogel
Megaceryle torquata	Ringed Kingfisher	Rotbrustfischer	Martin-pêcheur à ventre roux	Amerikaanse Reuzenijsvogel

Puffbirds (Bucconidae)

Puffbirds are stocky, large-headed birds that sit motionless on perches while waiting for prey. In Caño Negro, three species have been recorded, including the White-necked Puffbird and the Pied Puffbird. These birds are often difficult to spot due to their cryptic plumage and sedentary habits.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Notharchus tectus	Pied Puffbird	Elfmasken-Faulvogel	Tamatia pie	Bonte Baardvogel
Notharchus hyperrhynchus	White-necked Puffbird	Weißhals-Faulvogel	Tamatia à front blanc	Withalsbaardvogel
Malacoptila panamensis	White-whiskered Puffbird	Weißbart-Faulvogel	Tamatia de Panama	Witbaardbaardvogel

Jacamars (Galbulidae)

Jacamars are colorful, slender birds with long, pointed bills that are specialized for catching insects in flight. In Caño Negro, the Rufous-tailed Jacamar is the only species recorded. These birds are typically found in forest edges and clearings, where they perch and sally out to capture flying insects.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Galbula ruficauda	Rufous-tailed Jacamar	Rotschwanz-Glanzvogel	Jacamar à queue rousse	Roodstaartglansvogel

New World Barbets (Capitonidae)

New World barbets are colorful, stout-bodied birds that feed on fruits and insects. In Caño Negro, the Collared Aracari is the only species of this family recorded. Despite its name, it is more closely related to toucans and is easily recognized by its colorful, serrated bill and social behavior, often seen in small flocks moving through the forest canopy.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Pteroglossus torquatus	Collared Aracari	Halsbandarassari	Araçari à collier	Halsbandarassari

Toucans (Ramphastidae)

Toucans are among the most iconic birds of the Neotropics, known for their large, colorful bills and social behavior. In Caño Negro, two species have been recorded. The Keel-billed Toucan is the most commonly seen, often moving through the forest canopy in small flocks. The Yellow-throated Toucan is also present and is generally found in forested areas.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Ramphastos sulfuratus	Keel-billed Toucan	Regenbogentukán	Toucan à carène	Zwavelborsttoekan
Ramphastos ambiguus	Yellow-throated Toucan	Goldkehltukan	Toucan à gorge jaune	Geelkeeltukan

Woodpeckers (Picidae)

Woodpeckers are a diverse family of birds found in a variety of habitats, from forests to open woodlands. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, ranging from the tiny Olivaceous Piculet to the large Pale-billed Woodpecker. These birds are most easily detected by their distinctive tapping sounds and their habit of moving up and down tree trunks.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Melanerpes pucherani	Black-cheeked Woodpecker	Schwarzohrspecht	Pic de Pucheran	Zwartwangspecht
Celeus castaneus	Chestnut-colored Woodpecker	Kastanienbrauner Specht	Pic châtain	Kastanjespecht
Celeus loricatus	Cinnamon Woodpecker	Zimtspecht	Pic cannelle	Kaneelspecht
Colaptes rubiginosus	Golden-olive Woodpecker	Zimtgoldflügel-Specht	Pic olive	Goudbuikgrondspecht
Melanerpes hoffmannii	Hoffmann's Woodpecker	Hoffmannspecht	Pic de Hoffmann	Hoffmannspecht
Dryocopus lineatus	Lineated Woodpecker	Linienspecht	Pic ouaret	Gestreepte Helmspecht
Picumnus olivaceus	Olivaceous Piculet	Olivenzwergspecht	Picumne olive	Olijfspecht
Campephilus guatemalensis	Pale-billed Woodpecker	Blassschnabelspecht	Pic guatémaltèque	Bleeksnavel-specht
Piculus simplex	Rufous-winged Woodpecker	Rotschwingenspecht	Pic à ailes rousses	Roodvleugelspecht
Leuconotopicus fumigatus	Smoky-brown Woodpecker	Rußspecht	Pic enfumé	Rookbruine Specht
Sphyrapicus varius	Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	Saftlecker	Pic maculé	Geelbuiksapspecht

Falcons and Caracaras (Falconidae)

Falcons and caracaras are a family of diurnal raptors that range from the powerful Peregrine Falcon to the scavenging Caracara. In Caño Negro, several species are recorded, with the Crested Caracara and Yellow-headed Caracara being common and easily observed, while the Bat Falcon and Merlin are more specialized hunters.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Falco sparverius	American Kestrel	Buntfalke	Crécerelle d'Amérique	Amerikaanse Torenvalk
Micrastur ruficollis	Barred Forest-Falcon	Bindenhalswaldfalke	Carnifex à gorge barrée	Kleine Bosvalk
Falco rufigularis	Bat Falcon	Fledermausfalke	Faucon des chauves-souris	Vleermuisvalk
Micrastur semitorquatus	Collared Forest-Falcon	Kappenwaldfalke	Carnifex à collier	Grote Bosvalk
Caracara plancus	Crested Caracara	Schopfkarakara	Caracara huppé	Caracara
Herpetotheres cachinnans	Laughing Falcon	Lachfalke	Macagua rieur	Lachvalk
Falco columbarius	Merlin	Merlin	Faucon émerillon	Smelleken
Falco peregrinus	Peregrine Falcon	Wanderfalke	Faucon pèlerin	Slechtvalk
Daptrius chimachima	Yellow-headed Caracara	Gelbkopfkarakara	Caracara chimachima	Geelkopcaracara

Parrots, Parakeets, and Allies (Psittacidae)

Parrots and parakeets are among the most colorful and conspicuous birds in Caño Negro. Several species are recorded, ranging from the small Orange-chinned Parakeet to the large Scarlet Macaw. These birds are often seen in pairs or small flocks, feeding on fruits and seeds in the forest canopy.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Pyrilia haematotis	Brown-hooded Parrot	Braunohrpapagei	Caïque à tête brune	Bruinkopparkiet
Psittacara finschi	Crimson-fronted Parakeet	Finschsittich	Conure de Finsch	Finsch' Aratinga
Amazona farinosa	Mealy Amazon	Müllersamazone	Amazone poudrée	Grijze Amazone
Eupsittula nana	Olive-throated Parakeet	Jamaikasittich	Conure aztèque	Olijfkeelaratinga
Brotogeris jugularis	Orange-chinned Parakeet	Orangekeilsittich	Toui à menton d'or	Oranjekinparkiet
Eupsittula canicularis	Orange-fronted Parakeet	Orangekeelsittich	Conure de Finsch	Oranjekaakparkiet
Amazona autumnalis	Red-lored Parrot	Gelbwangenamazone	Amazone à lores rouges	Geelwangamazone
Ara macao	Scarlet Macaw	Hellroter Ara	Ara rouge	Rode Ara
Amazona albifrons	White-fronted Amazon	Weißstirnamazone	Amazone à front blanc	Witvoorhoofdamazone
Pionus senilis	White-crowned Parrot	Weißscheitelpapagei	Pione à couronne blanche	Witkruinpapegaai

Antbirds (Thamnophilidae)

Antbirds are a diverse family of insectivorous birds found primarily in the understory of forests. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, including the Barred Antshrike and the Dusky Antbird. These birds are often seen in pairs or small groups, following army ant swarms to capture insects flushed by the ants.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Gymnocichla nudiceps	Bare-crowned Antbird	Nacktstirn-Ameisenvogel	Fourmilier à tête nue	Kale Kruinmiervogel
Thamnophilus doliatus	Barred Antshrike	Bindenameisenwürger	Batara rayé	Gebandeerde Mierklauwier
Gymnopithys bicolor	Bicolored Antbird	Zweifarben-Ameisenvogel	Fourmilier bicolore	Tweekleurige Miervogel
Thamnophilus atrinucha	Black-crowned Antshrike	Graunacken-Ameisenwürger	Batara à nuque grise	Grijskruinmierklauwier
Poliocrania exsul	Chestnut-backed Antbird	Kastanienrücken-Ameisenvogel	Fourmilier à dos roux	Bruinrugmiervogel
Microrhopias quixensis	Dot-winged Antwren	Tüpfelameisenschlüpfer	Myrmidon à ailes tachetées	Stippelvleugelmierstekelstaart
Cercomacroides tyrannina	Dusky Antbird	Trauerameisenvogel	Grisin sombre	Rouwmiervogel
Cymbilaimus lineatus	Fasciated Antshrike	Bindenameisenwürger	Batara fascié	Gebandeerde Mierklauwier
Taraba major	Great Antshrike	Ameisenwürger	Grand Batara	Grote Mierklauwier
Myrmotherula schisticolor	Slaty Antwren	Schieferameisenschlüpfer	Myrmidon ardoisé	Leiblauwe Mierstekelstaart
Hylophylax naevioides	Spotted Antbird	Tropfenameisenvogel	Fourmilier à dos tacheté	Druppelmiervogel
Myrmotherula axillaris	White-flanked Antwren	Weißflanken-Ameisenschlüpfer	Myrmidon à flancs blancs	Witflankmierstekelstaart

Antthrushes (Formicariidae)

Antthrushes are terrestrial birds that inhabit the forest floor. In Caño Negro, the Black-faced Antthrush is the only member of this family recorded. These birds are often heard before they are seen, with their distinctive calls echoing through the understory. They feed primarily on insects and other small invertebrates found in the leaf litter.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Formicarius analis	Black-faced Antthrush	Schwarzgesicht-Ameisendrossel	Tétéma à face noire	Zwartwangmierlijster

Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptidae)

Woodcreepers are slender, brownish birds that climb tree trunks in search of insects. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, ranging from the small Olivaceous Woodcreeper to the larger Streak-headed Woodcreeper. These birds are often seen hitching up tree trunks, using their stiff tail feathers as support.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus	Black-striped Woodcreeper	Schwarzstreifen-Baumsteiger	Grimpereau à raies noires	Zwartstreepmuisspecht
Xiphorhynchus susurrans	Cocoa Woodcreeper	Kakaobaumsteiger	Grimpereau cacao	Cacaomuisspecht
Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae	Northern Barred-Woodcreeper	Nördlicher Bindenbaumsteiger	Grimpereau de Saint-Thomas	Noordelijke Gestreepte Muisspecht
Sittasomus griseicapillus	Olivaceous Woodcreeper	Olivbaumsteiger	Grimpereau olivâtre	Olijfmuisspecht
Dendrocincla fuliginosa	Plain-brown Woodcreeper	Fahlbauch-Baumsteiger	Grimpereau brun	Bruine Muisspecht
Dendrocincla homochroa	Ruddy Woodcreeper	Rostbaumsteiger	Grimpereau roux	Rode Muisspecht
Xiphorhynchus erythropygius	Spotted Woodcreeper	Fleckenbaumsteiger	Grimpereau tacheté	Vlekmuisspecht
Lepidocolaptes souleyetii	Streak-headed Woodcreeper	Streifenkopf-Baumsteiger	Grimpereau de Souleyet	Streepkopmuisspecht
Dendrocincla anabatina	Tawny-winged Woodcreeper	Rostflügel-Baumsteiger	Grimpereau à ailes rousses	Roodvleugelmuisspecht
Glyphorynchus spirurus	Wedge-billed Woodcreeper	Keilschnabel-Baumsteiger	Grimpereau à bec en coin	Spitsnavelmuisspecht

Ovenbirds (Furnariidae)

Ovenbirds are a diverse family of small to medium-sized passerines found in a wide range of habitats. In Caño Negro, four species have been recorded, including the Northern Plain-Xenops and the Slaty Spinetail. These birds are often seen in pairs or small groups, foraging for insects along branches and in foliage.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Automolus cervinigularis	Fawn-throated Foliage-gleaner	Ockerkehl-Blattspäher	Anabate à gorge fauve	Okerkeelbladspeurder
Xenops mexicanus	Northern Plain-Xenops	Nördlicher Xenops	Xénops du Mexique	Noordelijke Xenops
Synallaxis brachyura	Slaty Spinetail	Schieferdickichtschlüpfer	Synallaxe à queue courte	Leiblauwe Stekelstaart
Automolus virgatus	Western Woodhaunter	Westlicher Blattspäher	Anabate des bois	Westelijke Bladspeurder

Manakins (Pipridae)

Manakins are small, colorful birds found in forest understories. In Caño Negro, three species have been recorded. These birds are known for their elaborate courtship displays and their preference for fruiting trees. Males are often brightly colored, while females are typically greenish and more camouflaged.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Ceratopipra mentalis	Red-capped Manakin	Rotkopfpipra	Manakin à tête rouge	Roodkapmanakin
Corapipo altera	White-ruffed Manakin	Weißkehlpipra	Manakin à col blanc	Witkeelmanakin
Manacus candei	White-collared Manakin	Weißkragenpipra	Manakin à col blanc	Witkraagmanakin

Cotingas (Cotingidae)

Cotingas are a diverse group of birds that inhabit a wide range of habitats from forests to open areas. In Caño Negro, three species have been recorded, including the Rufous Piha and the Snowy Cotinga. These birds are known for their varied and often loud calls, and some species are highly sought after by birders.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Lipaugus unirufus	Rufous Piha	Rotkotinga	Piauhau roux	Rode Piha
Carpodectes nitidus	Snowy Cotinga	Schneekotinga	Cotinga neigeux	Sneeuwcotinga
Procnias tricarunculatus	Three-wattled Bellbird	Dreilappenkotinga	Araponga tricaractère	Drielelklokvogel

Becards, Tityras, and Allies (Tityridae)

Tityras and becards are a diverse family of passerines found in a variety of habitats, from forests to open woodlands. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, including the Masked Tityra and the Cinnamon Becard. These birds are often seen in the canopy or mid-levels of forests, where they feed on fruits and insects.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Tityra inquisitor	Black-crowned Tityra	Schwarzkopftityra	Tityre inquisiteur	Zwartkruintityra
Pachyramphus cinnamomeus	Cinnamon Becard	Zimtbekarde	Bécarde cannelle	Kaneelbekaard
Tityra semifasciata	Masked Tityra	Maskentityra	Tityre masqué	Maskertityra
Schiffornis veraepacis	Northern Schiffornis	Nordschiffornis	Schiffornis du Nord	Noordelijke Schiffornis
Pachyramphus aglaiae	Rose-throated Becard	Rosenkehlbekarde	Bécarde à gorge rose	Roestkeelbekaard
Pachyramphus polychopterus	White-winged Becard	Weißflügelbekarde	Bécarde à ailes blanches	Witvleugelbekaard

Royal Flycatchers and Allies (Onychorhynchidae)

Royal flycatchers are a small family of passerines known for their distinctive crests. In Caño Negro, only the Tropical Royal Flycatcher has been recorded. This species is often found in the understory of forests near water, where it sallies out to catch flying insects.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Onychorhynchus coronatus	Tropical Royal Flycatcher	Kronenbekarde	Moucherolle royal	Amazonische Kroontiran

Tyrant Flycatchers (Tyrannidae)

Tyrant flycatchers are the largest family of birds in the Americas, and Caño Negro hosts a remarkable diversity of species. These birds range from the tiny Mistletoe Tyrannulet to the large Great Kiskadee. They are found in all habitats, from forest interiors to open wetlands, and are often seen perched on exposed branches, sallying out to catch insects.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Empidonax virescens	Acadian Flycatcher	Tschuktschen-Schnäpper	Moucherolle vert	Groene Feetiran
Empidonax alnorum/traillii	Alder/Willow Flycatcher (Traill's Flycatcher)	Erlen-/Weiden-Schnäpper	Moucherolle des aulnes/des saules	Elzen-/Wilgenfeetiran
Sayornis nigricans	Black Phoebe	Schwarzbachschwalbe	Moucherolle noir	Zwarte Phoebe
Megarynchus pitangua	Boat-billed Flycatcher	Bootschnabeltyrann	Tyran à bec large	Bootsnaveltiran
Attila spadiceus	Bright-rumped Attila	Zimtbauch-Attila	Attila à croupion jaune	Bruinbuikattila
Myiarchus tyrannulus	Brown-crested Flycatcher	Braunschopftyrann	Moucherolle à huppe brune	Bruinkuiftiran
Ornithion brunneicapillus	Brown-capped Tyrannulet	Braunkappen-Kleintyrann	Ornithion à calotte brune	Bruinkapornithion
Todirostrum cinereum	Common Tody-Flycatcher	Graukehl-Todityrann	Todirostre familier	Gewone Todietiran
Myiarchus tuberculifer	Dusky-capped Flycatcher	Schwarzhauben-Schnäppertyrann	Moucherolle à tête sombre	Zwartkruintiran
Contopus virens	Eastern Wood-Pewee	Waldschnäpper	Pioui de l'Est	Oostelijke Piewie
Rhynchocyclus brevirostris	Eye-ringed Flatbill	Augenring-Breitschnabeltyrann	Platyrhinque à bec court	Kortsnavelbreedbektiran
Tyrannus savana	Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Gabelschwanztyrann	Tyran des savanes	Zwaluwstaartkoningstiran
Myiozetetes granadensis	Gray-capped Flycatcher	Graukappen-Schnäppertyrann	Tyran à tête grise	Grijskoptiran
Myiarchus crinitus	Great Crested Flycatcher	Schopftyrann	Moucherolle à huppe	Kuiftiran
Pitangus sulphuratus	Great Kiskadee	Großer Kiskadee	Tyran quiquivi	Grote Kiskadie
Myiopagis viridicata	Greenish Elaenia	Grünliche Elaenie	Élénie verdâtre	Groenachtige Elenia
Empidonax minimus	Least Flycatcher	Zwergschnäpper	Moucherolle minuscule	Kleine Feetiran
Colonia colonus	Long-tailed Tyrant	Langschwanztyrann	Moucherolle à longue queue	Langstaarttiran
Zimmerius parvus	Mistletoe Tyrannulet	Misteltyrannulett	Tyranneau menu	Maretak-tiran
Camptostoma imberbe	Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Nördlicher Schnäppertyrann	Tyranneau imberbe	Noordelijke Baardloze Tiran
Contopus bogotensis	Northern Tropical Pewee	Nördlicher Tropenwaldschnäpper	Pioui tropical	Noordelijke Tropische Piewie
Mionectes oleagineus	Ochre-bellied Flycatcher	Ockerbauch-Schnäppertyrann	Pipromorphe à ventre ocre	Okerbuikpipromorfe
Contopus cooperi	Olive-sided Flycatcher	Olivflanken-Schnäpper	Moucherolle à côtés olive	Olijfzijdetiran
Legatus leucophaius	Piratic Flycatcher	Piratentyrann	Tyran pirate	Piratentiran
Rhytipterna holerythra	Rufous Mourner	Ockerbauch-Schnäppertyrann	Moucherolle roux	Rode Treurtiran
Tyrannus forficatus	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher	Gabelschwanz-Königstyrann	Tyran à queue fourchue	Vorkstaartkoningstiran
Leptopogon amaurocephalus	Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Graukopf-Laubtyrann	Pipromorphe à tête grise	Grijskopleptopogon
Poecilotriccus sylvia	Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher	Graukopf-Todityrann	Todirostre à tête grise	Grijskoptodietiran
Myiozetetes similis	Social Flycatcher	Braunschulter-Schnäppertyrann	Tyran sociable	Sociale Tiran
Myiodynastes maculatus	Streaked Flycatcher	Streifentyrann	Tyran tigré	Gestreepte Tiran
Myiodynastes luteiventris	Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher	Fleckenmaskentyrann	Tyran tigré	Geelbuiktiran
Aphanotriccus capitalis	Tawny-chested Flycatcher	Ockerbrust-Schnäppertyrann	Moucherolle à poitrine ocre	Okerborsttiran
Tyrannus melancholicus	Tropical Kingbird	Trauertyrann	Tyran mélancolique	Tropische Koningstiran
Contopus sordidulus	Western Wood-Pewee	Westlicher Waldschnäpper	Pioui de l'Ouest	Westelijke Piewie
Empidonax albigularis	White-throated Flycatcher	Weißkehl-Schnäpper	Moucherolle à gorge blanche	Witkeelfeetiran
Conopias albovittatus	White-ringed Flycatcher	Weißring-Schnäppertyrann	Tyran à collier blanc	Witringtiran
Empidonax traillii	Willow Flycatcher	Weidenschnäpper	Moucherolle des saules	Wilgenfeetiran
Elaenia flavogaster	Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Gelbbauch-Elaenie	Élénie à ventre jaune	Geelbuikelenia
Empidonax flaviventris	Yellow-bellied Flycatcher	Birkenwaldschnäpper	Moucherolle à ventre jaune	Geelbuikfeetiran
Ornithion semiflavum	Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet	Gelbbauch-Kleintyrann	Ornithion à ventre jaune	Geelbuikornithion
Capsiempis flaveola	Yellow Tyrannulet	Gelbtyrannulett	Tyranneau flavéole	Gele Tiran
Tolmomyias sulphurescens	Yellow-olive Flatbill	Gelbbauch-Breitschnabeltyrann	Platyrhinque à ventre jaune	Geelbuikbreedbektiran
Tolmomyias flavotectus	Yellow-winged Flatbill	Gelbflügel-Breitschnabeltyrann	Platyrhinque à ailes jaunes	Geelvleugelbreedbektiran

Vireos (Vireonidae)

Vireos are small to medium-sized passerines known for their persistent, often monotonous songs. In Caño Negro, seven species have been recorded, ranging from the migratory Yellow-throated Vireo to the resident Red-eyed Vireo. These birds are typically found in the canopy and mid-levels of forests, where they forage for insects and fruit.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Vireolanius pulchellus	Green Shrike-Vireo	Grünwürgervireo	Smaragdvireo	Groene Klauwiervireo
Pachysylvia decurtata	Lesser Greenlet	Kleiner Vireo	Viréon à tête grise	Kleine Vireo
Vireo olivaceus	Red-eyed Vireo	Rotaugenvireo	Viréon aux yeux rouges	Roodoogvireo
Cyclarhis gujanensis	Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Rotbrauenvireo	Sourciroux à sourcils roux	Roodbrauwvireo
Vireo flavoviridis	Yellow-green Vireo	Gelbgrüner Vireo	Viréon jaune-vert	Geelgroene Vireo
Vireo flavifrons	Yellow-throated Vireo	Gelbkehlvireo	Viréon à gorge jaune	Geelkeelvireo
Vireo philadelphicus	Philadelphia Vireo	Philadelphiavireo	Viréon de Philadelphie	Philadelphiavireo

Jays, Crows, and Allies (Corvidae)

Jays and crows are intelligent, vocal birds found in a variety of habitats. In Caño Negro, two species have been recorded. The Brown Jay is a common resident, often seen in small flocks moving through forest edges and open woodlands. The White-throated Magpie-Jay is also present and is easily recognized by its long tail and distinctive crest.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Cyanocorax morio	Brown Jay	Braunhäher	Geai enfumé	Bruine Gaai
Cyanocorax formosus	White-throated Magpie-Jay	Weißkehlelster	Geai à gorge blanche	Witkeelgaai

Swallows and Martins (Hirundinidae)

Swallows and martins are aerial insectivores that are commonly seen flying over open areas and water bodies. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, including the Barn Swallow, Cliff Swallow, and Mangrove Swallow. These birds are most active during the day, often foraging in large flocks over the wetland.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Riparia riparia	Bank Swallow	Uferschwalbe	Hirondelle des rivages	Oeverzwaluw
Hirundo rustica	Barn Swallow	Rauchschwalbe	Hirondelle rustique	Boerenzwaluw
Petrochelidon fulva	Cave Swallow	Höhlenschwalbe	Hirondelle des cavernes	Holenzwaluw
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	Cliff Swallow	Felsenschwalbe	Hirondelle à front blanc	Amerikaanse Klifzwaluw
Progne chalybea	Gray-breasted Martin	Graubrustschwalbe	Hirondelle à poitrine grise	Grijze Zwaluw
Tachycineta albilinea	Mangrove Swallow	Mangrovenschwalbe	Hirondelle des mangroves	Mangrovezwaluw
Stelgidopteryx serripennis	Northern Rough-winged Swallow	Nordische Graukehlschwalbe	Hirondelle à ailes rugueuses	Noordelijke Ruigvleugelzwaluw
Progne subis	Purple Martin	Purpurschwalbe	Hirondelle noire	Purperzwaluw
Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Südliche Graukehlschwalbe	Hirondelle à gorge rousse	Zuidelijke Ruigvleugelzwaluw
Tachycineta bicolor	Tree Swallow	Sumpfschwalbe	Hirondelle bicolore	Boerenzwaluw

Gnatcatchers and Gnatwrens (Polioptilidae)

Gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are small, active insectivores found in a variety of habitats. In Caño Negro, three species have been recorded. These birds are often seen in pairs or small groups, foraging in the canopy and mid-levels of forests, where they glean insects from foliage.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Ramphocaenus melanurus	Long-billed Gnatwren	Langschnabel-Mückenfänger	Microbate à long bec	Langsnavelmuggenvanger
Microbates cinereiventris	Tawny-faced Gnatwren	Graubauch-Mückenfänger	Microbate à ventre gris	Grijsbuikmuggenvanger
Polioptila bilineata	White-browed Gnatcatcher	Weißbrauen-Mückenfänger	Gobemoucheron à sourcils blancs	Witbrauwmuggenvanger

Wrens (Troglodytidae)

Wrens are small, active passerines known for their loud and complex songs. In Caño Negro, ten species have been recorded, ranging from the widespread Southern House Wren to the more specialized Bay Wren. These birds are typically found in dense undergrowth and forest edges, where they forage for insects.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Campylorhynchus zonatus	Band-backed Wren	Streifenrücken-Zaunkönig	Troglodyte à dos rayé	Bandrugwinterkoning
Cantorchilus nigricapillus	Bay Wren	Kastanienzaunkönig	Troglodyte à calotte noire	Kastanjewinterkoning
Pheugopedius atrogularis	Black-throated Wren	Schwarzkehl-Zaunkönig	Troglodyte à gorge noire	Zwartkeelwinterkoning
Cantorchilus zeledoni	Canebrake Wren	Zeledon-Zaunkönig	Troglodyte de Zeledon	Zeledons Winterkoning
Microcerculus philomela	Nightingale Wren	Nachtigallzaunkönig	Troglodyte rossignol	Nachtegaalwinterkoning
Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus	Song Wren	Singzaunkönig	Troglodyte chanteur	Zangwinterkoning
Troglodytes musculus	Southern House Wren	Hauszaunkönig	Troglodyte familier	Huiswinterkoning
Pheugopedius maculipectus	Spot-breasted Wren	Fleckenbrust-Zaunkönig	Troglodyte à poitrine tachetée	Vlekborstwinterkoning
Cantorchilus thoracicus	Stripe-breasted Wren	Streifenbrust-Zaunkönig	Troglodyte rayé	Gestreepte Winterkoning
Henicorhina leucosticta	White-breasted Wood-Wren	Weißbrust-Zaunkönig	Troglodyte à poitrine blanche	Witborstwinterkoning

Catbirds, Mockingbirds, and Thrashers (Mimidae)

Mockingbirds and catbirds are known for their vocal abilities and mimicry. In Caño Negro, two species have been recorded. The Gray Catbird is a migratory visitor, while the Tropical Mockingbird is a resident species found in open areas and forest edges, often singing from exposed perches.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Dumetella carolinensis	Gray Catbird	Katzendrossel	Moqueur chat	Katvogel
Mimus gilvus	Tropical Mockingbird	Karibenspottdrossel	Moqueur des savanes	Tropische Spotvogel

Thrushes (Turdidae)

Thrushes are medium-sized passerines known for their melodious songs and spotted breasts. In Caño Negro, six species have been recorded, ranging from the migratory Swainson's Thrush to the resident Clay-colored Thrush. These birds are often found in forest understories and edges, where they forage for insects and fruit on the ground.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Turdus grayi	Clay-colored Thrush	Gilbdrossel	Merle fauve	Fauve Lijster
Catharus minimus	Gray-cheeked Thrush	Grauwangendrossel	Grive à joues grises	Grijswanglijster
Turdus obsoletus	Pale-vented Thrush	Blassbauchdrossel	Merle à ventre pâle	Bleekbuiklijster
Catharus ustulatus	Swainson's Thrush	Zwergdrossel	Grive à dos olive	Dwerglijster
Turdus assimilis	White-throated Thrush	Weißkehldrossel	Merle à gorge blanche	Witkeellijster
Hylocichla mustelina	Wood Thrush	Walddrossel	Grive des bois	Amerikaanse Boslijster

Old World Sparrows (Passeridae)

Old World sparrows are small, seed-eating birds that are often associated with human settlements. In Caño Negro, the House Sparrow is the only member of this family recorded. These birds are commonly found around buildings and open areas near human activity.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Passer domesticus	House Sparrow	Haussperling	Moineau domestique	Huismus

Finches, Euphonias, and Allies (Fringillidae)

Finches and euphonias are small passerines with conical bills adapted for seed eating. In Caño Negro, four species of euphonias have been recorded. These colorful birds are typically found in the canopy and forest edges, where they feed on mistletoe berries and small fruits.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Euphonia gouldi	Olive-backed Euphonia	Gouldorganist	Organiste de Gould	Goulds Organist
Euphonia minuta	White-vented Euphonia	Weißbauchorganist	Organiste à ventre blanc	Witbuikorganist
Euphonia luteicapilla	Yellow-crowned Euphonia	Gelbscheitelorganist	Organiste à couronne jaune	Geelkruinorganist
Euphonia hirundinacea	Yellow-throated Euphonia	Gelbkehlorganist	Organiste à gorge jaune	Geelkeelorganist

New World Sparrows (Passerellidae)

New World sparrows are small, seed-eating passerines found in a variety of habitats, from forests to open areas. In Caño Negro, three species have been recorded. The Black-striped Sparrow is a common resident, while the Orange-billed Sparrow is also present in the understory of forests and edges.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Arremonops conirostris	Black-striped Sparrow	Schwarzstreifenammer	Tohi à tête noire	Zwartstreepgors
Chlorospingus flavopectus	Common Chlorospingus	Gelbflanken-Buschtangare	Chlorospin à poitrine jaune	Geelborsttangare
Arremon aurantiirostris	Orange-billed Sparrow	Goldschnabelammer	Tohi à bec orange	Oranjesnavelgors

Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteriidae)

The Yellow-breasted Chat is the only member of its family and is often considered a warbler-like bird with a distinctive, variable song. In Caño Negro, it is a migratory visitor, typically found in dense scrub and edge habitats. Its loud, disjointed song makes it a special find for birders exploring the refuge.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Icteria virens	Yellow-breasted Chat	Gelbbrust-Waldsänger	Paruline polyglotte	Geelborstzanger

Blackbirds, Orioles, and Allies (Icteridae)

Blackbirds, orioles, and grackles are a diverse family of passerines known for their varied colors and songs. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, including the Baltimore Oriole, the Great-tailed Grackle, and the endemic Nicaraguan Grackle, which is a speciality of the region. These birds are found in a variety of habitats, from open wetlands to forest edges.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Icterus galbula	Baltimore Oriole	Baltimoretrupial	Oriole de Baltimore	Baltimoretroepiaal
Icterus prosthemelas	Black-cowled Oriole	Schwarzschleiertrupial	Oriole à capuchon noir	Zwartkaptroepiaal
Molothrus aeneus	Bronzed Cowbird	Bronzekuhstärling	Vacher bronzé	Bronzen Koevogel
Psarocolius wagleri	Chestnut-headed Oropendola	Braunflügel-Stirnvogel	Cassique de Wagler	Waglers Oropendola
Sturnella magna	Eastern Meadowlark	Lerchenstärling	Sturnelle des prés	Weidespreeuw
Molothrus oryzivorus	Giant Cowbird	Riesengrackel	Vacher géant	Reuzenkoevogel
Quiscalus mexicanus	Great-tailed Grackle	Dohlengrackel	Quiscale à longue queue	Langstaarttroepiaal
Dives dives	Melodious Blackbird	Drosselstärling	Quiscale chanteur	Roepzwarte Troepiaal
Psarocolius montezuma	Montezuma Oropendola	Montezumastirnvogel	Cassique de Montezuma	Montezumaoropendola
Quiscalus nicaraguensis	Nicaraguan Grackle	Nicaraguagrackel	Quiscale du Nicaragua	Nicaraguaanse Troepiaal
Icterus spurius	Orchard Oriole	Gartentrupial	Oriole des vergers	Boomgaardtroepiaal
Leistes militaris	Red-breasted Meadowlark	Rotbruststärling	Sturnelle militaire	Roodborstweidespreeuw
Agelaius phoeniceus	Red-winged Blackbird	Rotflügelstärling	Carouge à épaulettes	Epauletspreeuw
Cacicus uropygialis	Scarlet-rumped Cacique	Rotbürzelkassike	Cassique à croupion rouge	Roodstuitcacique
Molothrus bonariensis	Shiny Cowbird	Seidenkuhstärling	Vacher luisant	Glanskoevogel
Amblycercus holosericeus	Yellow-billed Cacique	Gelbschnabelkassike	Cassique à bec jaune	Geelsnaveloropendola
Icterus mesomelas	Yellow-tailed Oriole	Gelbschwanztrupial	Oriole à queue jaune	Geelstaarttroepiaal

Wood-Warblers (Parulidae)

Wood-warblers are a diverse family of small, colorful passerines that are primarily insectivorous. In Caño Negro, over 30 species have been recorded, many of which are migratory visitors from North America. These birds are often found in forest canopies, edges, and shrubby areas, where they forage actively for insects.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Setophaga ruticilla	American Redstart	Schnäpperwaldsänger	Paruline flamboyante	Amerikaanse Roodstaart
Setophaga castanea	Bay-breasted Warbler	Kastanienwaldsänger	Paruline à poitrine baie	Kastanjeborstwarbler
Setophaga fusca	Blackburnian Warbler	Fichtenwaldsänger	Paruline à gorge orangée	Zwartkeelzanger
Mniotilta varia	Black-and-white Warbler	Kletterwaldsänger	Paruline noir et blanc	Bonte Zanger
Setophaga virens	Black-throated Green Warbler	Grünwaldsänger	Paruline à gorge noire	Groene Zanger
Vermivora cyanoptera	Blue-winged Warbler	Blauflügel-Waldsänger	Paruline à ailes bleues	Blauwvleugelzanger
Myiothlypis fulvicauda	Buff-rumped Warbler	Hellbürzel-Waldsänger	Paruline à croupion fauve	Geelstuitzanger
Cardellina canadensis	Canada Warbler	Kanada-Waldsänger	Paruline du Canada	Canada-zanger
Setophaga cerulea	Cerulean Warbler	Blauwaldsänger	Paruline azurée	Azuurzanger
Setophaga pensylvanica	Chestnut-sided Warbler	Rostseitenwaldsänger	Paruline à flancs marron	Kastanjeflankzanger
Geothlypis trichas	Common Yellowthroat	Gelbkehlchen	Paruline à gorge jaune	Gewone Maskerzanger
Vermivora chrysoptera	Golden-winged Warbler	Goldflügel-Waldsänger	Paruline à ailes dorées	Goudvleugelzanger
Geothlypis poliocephala	Gray-crowned Yellowthroat	Graukappenwaldsänger	Paruline à couronne grise	Grijskruinmaskerzanger
Setophaga citrina	Hooded Warbler	Kapuzenwaldsänger	Paruline à capuchon	Capuchonzanger
Geothlypis formosa	Kentucky Warbler	Kentuckywaldsänger	Paruline du Kentucky	Kentuckyzanger
Parkesia motacilla	Louisiana Waterthrush	Strichelwaldsänger	Paruline hochequeue	Louisiana-winterkoning
Geothlypis tolmiei	MacGillivray's Warbler	Graukopf-Waldsänger	Paruline de MacGillivray	MacGillivrays Zanger
Setophaga magnolia	Magnolia Warbler	Magnolienwaldsänger	Paruline à tête cendrée	Magnoliazanger
Geothlypis philadelphia	Mourning Warbler	Trauerwaldsänger	Paruline triste	Rouwzanger
Setophaga americana	Northern Parula	Parulasänger	Paruline à collier	Noordse Parula
Parkesia noveboracensis	Northern Waterthrush	Drosselwaldsänger	Paruline des ruisseaux	Noordse Waterlijster
Setophaga aestiva	Northern Yellow Warbler	Goldwaldsänger	Paruline jaune	Gele Zanger
Geothlypis semiflava	Olive-crowned Yellowthroat	Gelbbrauenwaldsänger	Paruline à couronne olive	Olijfkruinmaskerzanger
Seiurus aurocapilla	Ovenbird	Wanderwaldsänger	Paruline couronnée	Ovenvogel
Protonotaria citrea	Prothonotary Warbler	Zitronenwaldsänger	Paruline orangée	Citroenzanger
Leiothlypis peregrina	Tennessee Warbler	Rostwangensänger	Paruline obscure	Tennesseezanger
Setophaga pitiayumi	Tropical Parula	Tropenparula	Paruline à joues noires	Tropische Parula
Cardellina pusilla	Wilson's Warbler	Wilsonwaldsänger	Paruline à calotte noire	Wilsons Zanger
Helmitheros vermivorum	Worm-eating Warbler	Waldsänger	Paruline vermivore	Wormkruiper
Setophaga coronata	Yellow-rumped Warbler	Kronenwaldsänger	Paruline à croupion jaune	Geelstuitzanger

Mitrospingid Tanagers (Mitrospingidae)

The Dusky-faced Tanager is the only member of this family recorded in Caño Negro. This bird is often found in pairs or small groups, moving through the understory and mid-levels of forests in search of fruit and insects. Its distinctive face pattern makes it a memorable sighting for birders.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Mitrospingus cassinii	Dusky-faced Tanager	Trübekopf-Tangare	Tangara de Cassin	Cassins Tangare

Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and Allies (Cardinalidae)

Cardinals and grosbeaks are medium-sized passerines with stout, conical bills adapted for seed eating. In Caño Negro, several species have been recorded, including the Summer Tanager, Scarlet Tanager, and various grosbeaks. These birds are often found in forest edges and open woodlands, where they feed on fruits and seeds.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Caryothraustes poliogaster	Black-faced Grosbeak	Schwarzgesicht-Kernknacker	Cardinal à face noire	Zwartmaskerkardinaal
Cyanoloxia cyanoides	Blue-black Grosbeak	Trauerkernknacker	Cardinal bleu-noir	Blauwzwarte Kardinaal
Passerina caerulea	Blue Grosbeak	Azurfink	Passerin bleu	Blauwe Gors
Passerina cyanea	Indigo Bunting	Indigofink	Passerin indigo	Indigogors
Passerina ciris	Painted Bunting	Papstfink	Passerin nonpareil	Pausgors
Driophlox fuscicauda	Red-throated Ant-Tanager	Rotkehl-Ameisentangare	Tangara à gorge rouge	Roodkeelmier-tangare
Pheucticus ludovicianus	Rose-breasted Grosbeak	Rosenbrust-Kernknacker	Cardinal à poitrine rose	Roodborstkardinaal
Piranga olivacea	Scarlet Tanager	Scharlachtangare	Piranga écarlate	Scharlakansvogel
Piranga rubra	Summer Tanager	Sommertangare	Piranga vermillon	Zomertangare
Piranga ludoviciana	Western Tanager	Kieferntangare	Piranga à tête rouge	Bergtangare

Tanagers and Allies (Thraupidae)

Tanagers are a large and diverse family of colorful, fruit-eating birds found in a wide variety of habitats. In Caño Negro, nearly 30 species have been recorded, ranging from the stunning Golden-hooded Tanager to the more common Blue-gray Tanager. These birds are often seen in pairs or small flocks, feeding in the canopy and forest edges.

Latin	English	German	French	Dutch
Coereba flaveola	Bananaquit	Zuckervogel	Sucrier à ventre jaune	Bananenkwikstaart
Tangara gyrola	Bay-headed Tanager	Rotkappentangare	Tangara à tête rousse	Bruinkoptangare
Saltator grandis	Cinnamon-bellied Saltator	Zimtbauch-Saltator	Saltator à ventre cannelle	Kaneelbuik-saltator
Ramphocelus sanguinolentus	Crimson-collared Tanager	Purpurtangare	Tangara à collier rouge	Purpertangare
Mitrospingus cassinii	Dusky-faced Tanager	Trübekopf-Tangare	Tangara de Cassin	Cassins Tangare
Stilpnia larvata	Golden-hooded Tanager	Goldhäubchentangare	Tangara à coiffe dorée	Goudkoptangare
Eucometis penicillata	Gray-headed Tanager	Graukopftangare	Tangara à tête grise	Grijskoptangare
Chlorophanes spiza	Green Honeycreeper	Grünhonigfresser	Sucrier vert	Groene Suikervogel
Thraupis palmarum	Palm Tanager	Palmentangare	Tangara des palmiers	Palmtangare
Cyanerpes cyaneus	Red-legged Honeycreeper	Zuckervogel	Sucrier à pieds rouges	Roodpootsuikervogel
Driophlox fuscicauda	Red-throated Ant-Tanager	Rotkehl-Ameisentangare	Tangara à gorge rouge	Roodkeelmier-tangare
Sporophila minuta	Ruddy-breasted Seedeater	Zwergspelzer	Sporophile minime	Kleine Dikbekje
Dacnis venusta	Scarlet-thighed Dacnis	Rotschulter-Honigfresser	Dacnis à cuisses rouges	Rooddijpitpit
Cyanerpes lucidus	Shining Honeycreeper	Türkishonigfresser	Sucrier luisant	Blauwe Suikervogel
Tangara icterocephala	Silver-throated Tanager	Silberkehltangare	Tangara à gorge argentée	Zilverkeeltangare
Saltator maximus	Buff-throated Saltator	Fahlkehl-Saltator	Saltator à gorge fauve	Grijze Saltator
Saltator atriceps	Black-headed Saltator	Schwarzkopf-Saltator	Saltator à tête noire	Zwartkopsaltator
Volatinia jacarina	Blue-black Grassquit	Jacarina	Jacarine noir	Jacarinagors
Dacnis cayana	Blue Dacnis	Blauer Dacnis	Dacnis bleu	Blauwe Pitpit
Thraupis episcopus	Blue-gray Tanager	Blaugrauer Tangare	Tangara évêque	Bisschopstangare
Thraupis abbas	Yellow-winged Tanager	Gelbflügeltangare	Tangara à ailes jaunes	Geelvleugeltangare
Sporophila morelleti	Morelet's Seedeater	Morletspelzer	Sporophile de Morelet	Morelets Dikbekje
Sporophila nuttingi	Nicaraguan Seed-Finch	Nicaraguaspelzer	Sporophile du Nicaragua	Nicaraguaanse Dikbekje
Ramphocelus passerinii	Scarlet-rumped Tanager	Passerinitangare	Tangara à croupion rouge	Roodstuit-tangare
Saltator grossus	Slate-colored Grosbeak	Finkensaltator	Saltator ardoisé	Leigrijze Kardinaal
Sporophila funerea	Thick-billed Seed-Finch	Dickschnabelspelzer	Sporophile de Nutting	Dikbekje
Sporophila corvina	Variable Seedeater	Wechselspelzer	Sporophile variable	Rouwsporofiel
Loriotus luctuosus	White-shouldered Tanager	Trauertangare	Tangara à épaulettes blanches	Rouwtangare
Tachyphonus rufus	White-lined Tanager	Schwarztangare	Tangara à lignes blanches	Rouwtangare
Tiaris olivaceus	Yellow-faced Grassquit	Gelbgesicht-Grasammer	Tiaris olivâtre	Geelwang-gors